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Communication Studies

Resources related to public speaking, forensics and interpersonal and small group communication.

Introduction

1. Introduction

Not to be confused with a book review, a literature review surveys scholarly articles, books and other sources (e.g. dissertations, conference proceedings) relevant to a particular issue, area of research, or theory, providing a description, summary, and critical evaluation of each work. The purpose is to offer an overview of significant literature published on a topic.

Watch this short video Literature Reviews: An Overview for Graduate Students from North Carolina State University Libraries (9 min. 36 sec.).

 

2. Components

Similar to primary research, development of the literature review requires four stages:

  • Problem formulation—which topic or field is being examined and what are its component issues?
  • Literature search—finding materials relevant to the subject being explored
  • Data evaluation—determining which literature makes a significant contribution to the understanding of the topic
  • Analysis and interpretation—discussing the findings and conclusions of pertinent literature

Literature reviews should comprise the following elements:

  • An overview of the subject, issue or theory under consideration, along with the objectives of the literature review
  • Division of works under review into categories (e.g. those in support of a particular position, those against, and those offering alternative theses entirely)
  • Explanation of how each work is similar to and how it varies from the others
  • Conclusions as to which pieces are best considered in their argument, are most convincing of their opinions, and make the greatest contribution to the understanding and development of their area of research

In assessing each piece, consideration should be given to:

  • Provenance—What are the author's credentials? Are the author's arguments supported by evidence (e.g. primary historical material, case studies, narratives, statistics, recent scientific findings)?
  • Objectivity—Is the author's perspective even-handed or prejudicial? Is contrary data considered or is certain pertinent information ignored to prove the author's point?
  • Persuasiveness—Which of the author's theses are most/least convincing?
  • Value—Are the author's arguments and conclusions convincing? Does the work ultimately contribute in any significant way to an understanding of the subject?

See also The Literature Review: A Few Tips On Conducting It from the University of Toronto Health Sciences Writing Centre.

 

3. Definition and Use/Purpose

A literature review may constitute an essential chapter of a thesis or dissertation, or may be a self-contained review of writings on a subject. In either case, its purpose is to:

  • Place each work in the context of its contribution to the understanding of the subject under review
  • Describe the relationship of each work to the others under consideration
  • Identify new ways to interpret, and shed light on any gaps in, previous research
  • Resolve conflicts amongst seemingly contradictory previous studies
  • Identify areas of prior scholarship to prevent duplication of effort
  • Point the way forward for further research
  • Place one's original work (in the case of theses or dissertations) in the context of existing literature

The literature review itself, however, does not present new primary scholarship.

Examples

An example of a literature review in stages, from annotated bibliography to lit review, may be found at:

Ashton, W. Writing a Short Literature Review

A published, peer-reviewed literature review from the JSTOR database may be found at the link below:

Allen, R.C. (1996). Socioeconomic Conditions and Property Crime: A Comprehensive Review and Test of the Professional Literature.
The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 55,
293.

 

Library Resources for Literature Reviews

Electronic Books

Print Books from the Library

Hint: Search MavScholar for "writing literature reviews"

Acknowledgements

This guide has been remixed from the original Write a Literature Review by Annette Marines at Library Guides, University of California, Santa Cruz following the CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION 3.0 LICENSE.

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
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